Most 3D renderers will allow you to use these values when creating materials. In 3D modeling, texturing and rendering you can create photorealistic materials under any lighting conditions.
IOR works in Autodesk 3Ds Max, Autodesk Maya, Blender 3D, Maxon Cinema 4D, Chaos Corona, Chaos Vray, Arnold, Redshift or Octane.
Create realistic 3D rendered materials, by setting correct IOR values (Index of Refraction). You can create more physically accurate renders of a material by using IOR values.
What is IOR?
The Index of Refraction (IOR) controls the refraction level of light traveling through a material. An IOR of 1.0 such as in the case of Air, causes no distortion or dispersion of objects behind the material. Light travels through the medium without significant interference. An IOR of 1.33 such as in the case of Water, causes significant distortion. The higher the IOR the more refraction happens to the transmitted light.
What is the Abbe number?
The Abbe number is the value of a material’s dispersion. It indicates the variation of refractive index versus its wavelength.
Low Abbe numbers produce significant wavelength dispersions, creating prismatic effects.
While high Abbe numbers produce low dispersions allowing the light-waves to transmit with less interference.
Material
PETg (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol)
Description
PETg, also known as glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate, is a thermoplastic polymer that is commonly used in the production of rigid and flexible packaging, containers, and other applications where clarity, toughness, and chemical resistance are important.
Description
Padparadja, also spelled Padparadscha, is a rare variety of corundum, which is the same mineral that forms rubies and sapphires. It is known for its distinctive pink-orange to orangy-pink color, often described as a blend of pink and orange hues reminiscent of a sunset.
Description
Painite is a rare borate mineral that was first discovered in Myanmar in the 1950s. It is known for its reddish-brown to brownish-black coloration and exceptional rarity, making it one of the world's rarest gemstones.
Description
Paper is a thin material made from cellulose fibers, widely used for writing, printing, and packaging.
Description
Pearls are organic gemstones formed within the soft tissue of shelled mollusks such as oysters and mussels. They are composed primarily of calcium carbonate (in the form of aragonite or calcite) deposited in concentric layers around an irritant particle within the mollusk's mantle. Pearls come in a variety of colors, shapes, and sizes, with the most highly valued specimens exhibiting a lustrous, iridescent surface known as orient and a round or near-round shape.
Description
Periclase is a mineral with the chemical formula MgO, consisting of magnesium oxide. It occurs naturally in metamorphic rocks and as a component of some igneous rocks. Periclase is typically colorless or white and has a high refractive index, making it appear translucent to opaque.
Description
Peristerite is a type of albite feldspar, a mineral group that includes many varieties of feldspar with a similar chemical composition but differing in their optical and physical properties. Peristerite is known for its characteristic iridescence, caused by light interference between layers of exsolved lamellae of albite and other feldspars. This iridescence often displays a bluish or milky sheen.
Description
Petalite is a lithium aluminum silicate mineral that is commonly found in granitic pegmatites. It is known for its glassy luster and typically occurs as colorless, white, or pale pink crystals.
Description
Phenakite is a rare beryllium silicate mineral that is often found in association with quartz, feldspar, and other pegmatite minerals. Phenakite crystals can vary in color from colorless to pale yellow, pink, or green, with the most valuable specimens exhibiting clarity and brilliance.
Description
Phosgenite is a rare lead chloro-carbonate mineral that is often found in the oxidation zones of lead ore deposits. Phosgenite crystals typically exhibit a tetragonal crystal system and can vary in color from colorless to white, yellow, or gray, depending on impurities present in the crystal structure.
Description
"Plastic" is a general term that refers to a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds that are malleable and can be molded into various shapes when soft and then set into a rigid or semi-rigid form.
Description
Platinum is a dense, malleable, and ductile metal that is prized for its resistance to corrosion and oxidation, as well as its rarity and lustrous appearance.
Description
Plexiglass is a transparent thermoplastic material known for its lightweight and shatter-resistant properties, commonly used as a glass substitute.
Description
Polycarbonate is a transparent thermoplastic known for its high impact resistance, optical clarity, and lightweight nature.
Description
Polypropylene is a versatile thermoplastic polymer widely used in packaging, textiles, and automotive parts due to its durability and chemical resistance.
Description
Polystyrene is a synthetic polymer known for its lightweight, rigid, and transparent properties.
Description
Prase is a variety of quartz that contains small amounts of green-colored minerals, such as chlorite or actinolite, giving it a distinctive green hue.
Description
Prasiolite, also known as green quartz or vermarine, is a variety of quartz that obtains its green color from natural irradiation.
Description
Prehnite is a mineral that is typically light green to yellow-green in color. It is often found in association with volcanic rocks and can exhibit a vitreous to pearly luster.
Description
Proustite, also known as light red silver, is a mineral consisting of silver sulfarsenide, Ag3AsS3. It is a richly colored mineral with a bright red hue and is often found in association with other silver minerals.
Description
Purpurite is a mineral composed of manganese phosphate, with a purplish color ranging from pale lavender to deep violet.
Description
Pyrite, also known as iron pyrite or fool's gold, is a common sulfide mineral with a brassy yellow color and metallic luster.
Description
Pyroceram is a glass-ceramic material known for its high thermal shock resistance, commonly used in cookware and industrial applications.
Description
Pyrope is a variety of garnet, a group of silicate minerals, and is known for its deep red color.
Material
Quantum Dots (QDs)
Description
Quantum Dots are nanoscale semiconductor particles that exhibit unique optical and electronic properties, used in displays and biomedical imaging.
Description
Quartz is one of the most abundant minerals on Earth and comes in many varieties, including clear quartz, amethyst, citrine, and rose quartz. It has a vitreous luster and is often transparent to translucent.
Description
Quartz Crystal is a clear, crystalline form of silicon dioxide commonly used in electronics, jewelry, and optical instruments.
Description
Quartzite is a hard, metamorphic rock formed from sandstone, valued for its durability and use in construction and countertops.
Description
Rhenium is a rare, dense metal known for its high melting point and use in aerospace and catalytic applications.
Description
Rhenium Dioxide is a dark inorganic compound used in catalysis and material science research.
Material
Rhenium Trichloride
Description
Rhenium Trichloride is an inorganic compound used in chemical research and catalysis, featuring rhenium bonded to chlorine atoms.
Description
Rhodizite is a rare mineral that belongs to the borate group. It is usually colorless or white and forms in small crystals.
Description
Rhodochrosite is a manganese carbonate mineral that is typically pink, reddish, or rose-colored.
Description
Rhodonite is a pink to rose-red mineral that belongs to the pyroxenoid group of minerals. Rhodonite is characterized by its distinctive pink color, often with black or brown veining.
Description
Rock Salt, also known as halite, is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl). Rock Salt is typically colorless or white but may also appear in various shades of pink, red, or blue due to impurities.
Description
Ruby is a red variety of the mineral corundum (aluminum oxide) and is one of the most valuable gemstones in the world. Its red color is caused by traces of chromium within the crystal structure.
Description
Rutile is a mineral composed primarily of titanium dioxide, known for its high refractive index and use as a pigment and in optical devices.
Description
Sanidine is a type of potassium-rich feldspar mineral that belongs to the tectosilicate group. Sanidine typically exhibits a vitreous to pearly luster and may appear colorless, white, gray, or pale yellow.
Description
Scapolite is a group of aluminosilicate minerals that commonly occur in metamorphic and igneous rocks. It typically exhibits a vitreous to pearly luster and can appear colorless, white, gray, yellow, pink, or violet.
Description
Scheelite is a calcium tungstate mineral that is commonly found in hydrothermal veins and is often associated with ores of tungsten. It typically exhibits a vitreous to adamantine luster and can appear colorless, white, gray, yellow, orange, or brown.
Description
Serpentine is a group of minerals that are typically green in color and commonly found in metamorphic rocks such as serpentinites. Serpentine often exhibits a waxy to greasy luster and can occur in fibrous, platy, or massive forms.
Description
Shampoo is a liquid detergent used for cleaning and conditioning hair. It typically consists of water, surfactants, conditioning agents, preservatives, and fragrances.
Description
Shell material is derived from the exoskeletons of marine mollusks such as snails, clams, and oysters. It is primarily composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of calcite or aragonite crystals, along with organic molecules such as proteins and polysaccharides. Shell material exhibits a pearly or iridescent luster due to its layered microstructure, which causes light interference and diffraction.
Description
Shower gel is a liquid cleansing product used for personal hygiene, particularly during bathing or showering. It typically consists of water, surfactants, moisturizers, fragrances, and sometimes coloring agents.
Description
Silica Gel is a porous, granular form of silicon dioxide used primarily as a desiccant to control moisture.
Description
Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a hard, brittle crystalline solid with a blue-gray metallic luster, a tetravalent metalloid, and a semiconductor.
Description
Sillimanite is a fibrous mineral with the chemical formula Al2SiO5. It is an aluminum silicate mineral that often occurs in metamorphic rocks such as schists and gneisses. It may appear translucent to opaque and can exhibit pleochroism, displaying different colors when viewed from different angles.
Description
Silver is a chemical element with the symbol Ag and atomic number 47. It is a soft, white, lustrous transition metal, notable for its high electrical conductivity, malleability, and ductility.
Description
Sinhalite is a rare mineral with the chemical formula MgAlBO4. It belongs to the orthorhombic crystal system and is typically found in metamorphic rocks such as granulite and skarn. Sinhalite is valued as a gemstone due to its attractive yellow to brown color and high refractive index.
Description
Smaragdite is a rare silicate mineral that is sometimes considered a variety of amphibole, belonging to the hornblende group. Smaragdite can exhibit a green coloration due to the presence of iron or chromium, but its appearance can vary depending on its composition and environmental factors.
Description
Smithsonite, also known as zinc spar, is a mineral composed of zinc carbonate (ZnCO3). Smithsonite can occur in a variety of colors, including white, gray, brown, green, blue, and pink, depending on its impurities.
Description
Sodalite is a rich royal blue mineral widely enjoyed as an ornamental gemstone. Although massive sodalite samples are opaque, crystals are usually transparent to translucent.
Description
Sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt or rock salt, is a crystalline mineral substance composed primarily of sodium and chloride ions. It forms cubic crystals and is often colorless or white, although impurities can give it a variety of colors, including pink (as seen in Himalayan salt) and gray (as seen in sea salt).
Description
Spessartite is a variety of garnet, a group of silicate minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives. Spessartite garnets range in color from orange to reddish-brown and are valued for their brilliance and fire.
Description
Sphalerite is a zinc sulfide mineral with a chemical composition of (Zn,Fe)S. Sphalerite can occur in a range of colors, including yellow, brown, black, and red, depending on its iron content and impurities.
Description
Sphene, also known as titanite, is a calcium titanium nesosilicate mineral with the chemical formula CaTiSiO₅. It typically occurs as transparent to translucent crystals with a diamond-shaped cross-section. Sphene can exhibit a range of colors, including yellow, green, brown, and reddish-brown, depending on its chemical composition and impurities.
Description
Spinel is a gemstone mineral composed of magnesium aluminum oxide (MgAl₂O₄). It is valued for its hardness, brilliance, and wide range of colors, including red, pink, blue, purple, orange, yellow, green, brown, and black.
Description
Spodumene is a lithium aluminum inosilicate mineral with the chemical formula LiAlSi2O6. It occurs as prismatic crystals with distinct cleavage and a vitreous to greasy luster. Spodumene crystals can exhibit various colors, including colorless, white, pink, lilac, yellow, green, and brown, depending on trace impurities.
Description
Star Ruby is a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminum oxide) that exhibits a unique optical phenomenon known as asterism. Star Ruby is typically translucent to opaque and ranges in color from pinkish-red to purplish-red, with the finest specimens displaying a vivid, saturated hue.
Description
Star Sapphire is a variety of corundum (aluminum oxide) that exhibits a unique optical phenomenon known as asterism. Star Sapphire is typically blue in color, although it can also occur in other colors such as pink, purple, or gray.
Description
Staurolite is a mineral commonly found in metamorphic rocks such as schist and gneiss. Staurolite crystals are typically brown to reddish-brown in color and have a vitreous to resinous luster.
Description
Steatite, also known as soapstone, is a metamorphic rock composed primarily of talc with varying amounts of other minerals such as chlorite, pyroxene, amphibole, and carbonates. It has a greasy or soapy feel and is often gray, bluish, greenish, or brownish in color.
Description
Steel is a versatile and widely used alloy of iron and carbon, with other elements such as manganese, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum often added to enhance its properties.
Description
Stichtite is a rare carbonate mineral that is usually pink, lilac, or purple in color.
Material
Strontium Titanate
Description
Strontium Titanate is a synthetic crystalline material composed of strontium and titanium oxides (SrTiO3). Strontium Titanate is often used as a diamond simulant due to its high dispersion and brilliance, resembling the fire of diamonds.
Description
Styrene is an organic compound primarily used in the production of polystyrene, a versatile plastic material. Styrene itself is a colorless, oily liquid with a sweet smell and is classified as a volatile organic compound (VOC).
Description
Styrofoam is a trademarked brand of expanded polystyrene foam, commonly used for insulation, packaging, and disposable food containers
Description
Sulphur, also known as sulfur, is a chemical element with the symbol S and atomic number 16. It is a bright yellow, brittle solid that is odorless and tasteless in its native form.
Description
Taaffeite is a rare gemstone known for its remarkable optical properties and vivid colors. It occurs in various colors, including violet, mauve, pink, and red, depending on its chemical composition and impurities.
Description
Tantalite is a rare mineral composed of tantalum and niobium oxides. It is commonly found in pegmatite formations and is often associated with other minerals such as columbite and cassiterite. Tantalite has a metallic luster and is dark black to brownish-black in color.
Description
It is a blue to violet-blue variety of the mineral zoisite, and its color can vary depending on the presence of trace elements such as vanadium. Tanzanite is known for its pleochroism, meaning it can exhibit different colors when viewed from different angles.
Material
Teflon (Polytetrafluoroethylene)
Description
Teflon, also known by its chemical name polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), is a synthetic fluoropolymer used in a wide range of applications due to its non-stick and high-temperature resistance properties.
Description
Tellurium is a rare, brittle metalloid used in alloys, semiconductors, and solar panels.
Material
Tellurium Dioxide
Description
Tellurium Dioxide is a crystalline compound used in optical applications and as a semiconductor material.
Description
Thomsonite is a rare mineral belonging to the zeolite group. Thomsonite is translucent to transparent and has a vitreous to pearly luster. It has distinctive colors and patterns, which can include shades of white, pink, green, or red.
Description
Tiger Eye is a type of chatoyant gemstone that is a variety of quartz with fibrous bands of crocidolite. These fibrous bands give Tiger Eye its characteristic chatoyancy, also known as the "cat's eye effect," where a narrow band of reflected light moves across the surface of the stone when it is rotated. Tiger Eye is typically golden to brown in color, with variations in shade and intensity depending on the specific mineral composition and the presence of other minerals such as iron oxide.
Description
Tin Iodide is a chemical compound composed of tin and iodine. It is often found in the form of a yellow solid, although its exact appearance can vary depending on its purity and crystalline structure.
Description
Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength. Titanium is resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia, and chlorine.
Description
Titanium Dioxide is a white, opaque pigment widely used in paints, coatings, and sunscreens for its brightness and UV protection.
Description
Topaz is a silicate mineral of aluminum and fluorine. It occurs in a variety of colors, including blue, yellow, brown, green, pink, and sometimes colorless.
Description
Tourmaline is a crystalline boron silicate mineral compounded with elements such as aluminum, iron, magnesium, sodium, lithium, or potassium. It occurs in a variety of colors, including black, brown, green, red, pink, and blue.
Description
Tremolite is a member of the amphibole group of silicate minerals. It is a calcium magnesium silicate with the chemical formula Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)2. Tremolite forms prismatic crystals with distinct cleavage and a fibrous structure. It is usually white, gray, or green in color and is often found in metamorphic rocks such as marble and schist.
Description
It is known for its vivid pink to red color, often exhibiting fluorescence under ultraviolet light.
Description
Tungsten is a dense, hard metal with a very high melting point, widely used in electrical applications and cutting tools.
Material
Tungsten Disulfide
Description
Tungsten Disulfide is a solid lubricant material known for its low friction and high temperature resistance, used in industrial applications.
Description
Tungsten Oxide is an inorganic compound used in electrochromic devices and catalysis due to its unique optical and chemical properties.
Material
Tungsten Trioxide
Description
Tungsten Trioxide is a yellow inorganic compound used in smart windows, sensors, and photocatalysis applications.
Description
Turpentine is a fluid obtained by the distillation of resin obtained from trees, particularly pine trees. It is commonly used as a solvent and as a source of materials in various industries, including painting, cleaning, and pharmaceuticals.
Description
Turquoise is a blue to green mineral composed of hydrated copper and aluminum phosphate. Turquoise often exhibits a characteristic veined or mottled appearance due to the presence of other minerals within its structure.
Description
Ulexite, also known as TV rock or boronatrocalcite, is a naturally occurring mineral found in evaporite deposits. It is composed primarily of sodium, calcium, boron, and oxygen. Ulexite has a fibrous crystalline structure that allows it to transmit light along its fibers via internal reflection.
Description
Uranium is a heavy, radioactive metal used primarily as fuel in nuclear reactors and weapons.
Description
Uranium Dioxide is a black, radioactive ceramic compound used as fuel in nuclear reactors.
Material
Uranium Hexafluoride
Description
Uranium Hexafluoride is a volatile compound used in the uranium enrichment process for nuclear fuel production.
Material
Uranium Tetrafluoride
Description
Uranium Tetrafluoride is an intermediate compound in the nuclear fuel cycle, used in the production of uranium metal and uranium hexafluoride.
Material
Uranium Trifluoride
Description
Uranium Trifluoride is a chemical compound used as an intermediate in uranium processing and nuclear fuel production.
Description
Urine is a liquid waste product excreted by the kidneys, containing water, salts, and metabolic byproducts.
Material
User Paraffin Wax
Description
Paraffin wax is a type of hydrocarbon wax derived from petroleum, coal, or shale oil.
Description
Uvarovite is a rare green chromium-bearing garnet mineral. It is the rarest of the garnets and is valued for its rich green color, which is caused by the presence of chromium.
Description
Vacuum is a space devoid of matter, including air and other gases. In physics, a vacuum is defined as a region where the pressure is significantly lower than atmospheric pressure, resulting in a near-absence of particles.
Description
Vanadium Dioxide is a transition metal oxide known for its metal-insulator transition properties, used in smart windows and electronic devices.
