Most 3D renderers will allow you to use these values when creating materials. In 3D modeling, texturing and rendering you can create photorealistic materials under any lighting conditions.
IOR works in Autodesk 3Ds Max, Autodesk Maya, Blender 3D, Maxon Cinema 4D, Chaos Corona, Chaos Vray, Arnold, Redshift or Octane.
Create realistic 3D rendered materials, by setting correct IOR values (Index of Refraction). You can create more physically accurate renders of a material by using IOR values.
What is IOR?
The Index of Refraction (IOR) controls the refraction level of light traveling through a material. An IOR of 1.0 such as in the case of Air, causes no distortion or dispersion of objects behind the material. Light travels through the medium without significant interference. An IOR of 1.33 such as in the case of Water, causes significant distortion. The higher the IOR the more refraction happens to the transmitted light.
What is the Abbe number?
The Abbe number is the value of a material’s dispersion. It indicates the variation of refractive index versus its wavelength.
Low Abbe numbers produce significant wavelength dispersions, creating prismatic effects.
While high Abbe numbers produce low dispersions allowing the light-waves to transmit with less interference.
Description
Hiddenite is a green variety of spodumene, which is a lithium aluminum silicate mineral (LiAl(SiO3)2). Hiddenite has a vibrant green color, which is caused by traces of chromium and vanadium within the crystal structure.
Description
Honey is a sweet, viscous liquid produced by bees from the nectar of flowers. It has been used by humans for thousands of years as a food source, natural sweetener, and for its purported health benefits. The refractive index of honey can vary depending on factors such as its water content, sugar composition, and presence of impurities.
Description
Honey is a sweet, viscous liquid produced by bees from the nectar of flowers. It has been used by humans for thousands of years as a food source, natural sweetener, and for its purported health benefits. The refractive index of honey can vary depending on factors such as its water content, sugar composition, and presence of impurities.
Description
Honey is a sweet, viscous liquid produced by bees from the nectar of flowers. It has been used by humans for thousands of years as a food source, natural sweetener, and for its purported health benefits. The refractive index of honey can vary depending on factors such as its water content, sugar composition, and presence of impurities.
Description
Howlite is a borate mineral that is commonly found in sedimentary rock formations. It is usually white or gray with dark gray to black veins, resembling the appearance of marble or turquoise.
Description
Human Cornea is the transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the front of the eye, playing a key role in focusing vision.
Description
Human Lens is the transparent, flexible structure inside the eye that focuses light onto the retina for clear vision.
Description
Hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant chemical element in the universe. In its gaseous state, hydrogen consists of diatomic molecules (H2) and is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. It is highly flammable and burns in air with a pale blue flame.
Material
Hydrogen (liquid)
Description
Liquid hydrogen is the liquid form of the chemical element hydrogen. It is obtained by cooling hydrogen gas to extremely low temperatures, below its boiling point of -252.87°C (20.28 K). In its liquid state, hydrogen is colorless and odorless.
Description
Hypersthene is a common rock-forming mineral belonging to the group of orthorhombic pyroxenes. It is typically found in igneous and metamorphic rocks such as gabbro, norite, and basalt. Hypersthene usually occurs in dark-colored, opaque to translucent crystals with a characteristic bronze-like sheen known as "schiller." Its color ranges from brown to greenish-gray or black.
Description
Ice is the solid form of water, occurring naturally in the Earth's polar regions as well as in colder climates. It is formed when water molecules crystallize into a hexagonal lattice structure. Ice is translucent, with a slightly blue tint due to absorption of red light.
Description
Idocrase, also known as vesuvianite, is a calcium aluminum silicate mineral found in metamorphic and igneous rocks. Idocrase crystals can exhibit various colors, including green, brown, yellow, red, or blue, depending on impurities and crystal structure. It often occurs in granular or prismatic crystal forms and is used as a gemstone when transparent and appropriately colored.
Material
Indium Antimonide
Description
Indium Antimonide is a semiconductor compound used in infrared detectors and high-speed electronics due to its narrow bandgap.
Description
Indium Phosphide is a semiconductor material widely used in high-frequency and optoelectronic devices for its superior electron mobility.
Description
Indium Tin Oxide is a transparent, conductive oxide commonly used in touchscreens, displays, and solar cells.
Description
Insect Wings are thin, membranous structures that enable flight, often featuring intricate vein patterns and lightweight strength.
Description
Iodine crystal refers to solid iodine in its crystalline form. Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol "I" and atomic number 53. It is a shiny, blue-black solid at room temperature and pressure, and it sublimes directly into a violet gas with a characteristic odor.
Description
Iolite, also known as cordierite, is a magnesium iron aluminum cyclosilicate mineral. It is typically blue to violet in color, though it can also be found in shades of yellow, brown, or gray.
Material
Ion Exchange Resin
Description
Ion Exchange Resin is a polymer material used to remove unwanted ions from liquids in water purification and chemical processing.
Description
Iron is a chemical element with the symbol "Fe" and atomic number 26. It is one of the most abundant elements on Earth and has a wide range of industrial applications due to its strength, conductivity, and magnetic properties. In its pure form, iron has a metallic luster and silvery-gray color.
Description
Iron Oxide is a chemical compound commonly found as rust, used as pigments and in magnetic materials.
Description
Iron Pyrite is a metallic mineral also known as fool’s gold, composed of iron and sulfur with a shiny, brassy appearance.
Description
Ivory refers to the hard, white material derived from the tusks and teeth of animals, particularly elephants. It has a distinctive off-white color and a smooth, polished surface when carved or worked. Due to its organic composition, ivory may exhibit variations in color and texture depending on factors such as age, source, and treatment.
Description
Jadeite is one of the two minerals commonly referred to as jade, the other being nephrite. It is a pyroxene mineral composed of sodium and aluminum-rich silicate. Jadeite has a vivid green color and is considered one of the most precious gemstones in the world.
Description
Nephrite is one of the two minerals commonly referred to as jade, the other being jadeite. It is a form of tremolite-actinolite series of minerals, composed of calcium, magnesium, and iron-rich amphibole silicate. Nephrite is known for its toughness, durability, and characteristic creamy white to green colors, though it can also occur in shades of brown, black, gray, or yellow.
Description
Jadeite is a pyroxene mineral composed mainly of sodium and aluminum-rich silicate. It is one of the two minerals commonly referred to as jade, the other being nephrite. Jadeite has vibrant green color, though it can also occur in other colors such as white, pink, lavender, and brown.
Description
Jarosite is a yellowish-brown mineral composed of potassium iron sulfate, often found in oxidized ore deposits.
Description
Jasper is an opaque variety of chalcedony, which is a microcrystalline form of quartz. It is typically found in various shades of red, brown, yellow, or green, often with unique patterns and banding caused by mineral impurities and other factors.
Description
Jelly is a soft, translucent food substance made by boiling fruit juice with sugar and pectin.
Description
Jerusalem Stone is a type of limestone commonly used in construction and architecture, known for its warm, creamy color.
Description
Jet is a type of lignite coal that has been compressed and fossilized over millions of years. It is typically black or dark brown in color.
Description
Jute is a natural fiber obtained from plants, commonly used to make burlap, sacks, and ropes.
Description
Kaolinite is a soft, white clay mineral used in ceramics, paper production, and as an industrial filler.
Description
Kapton is a polyimide film known for its heat resistance and electrical insulating properties, widely used in electronics and aerospace.
Description
Keratin is a fibrous structural protein forming the key component of hair, nails, and the outer layer of skin in animals.
Description
Kerosene is a flammable hydrocarbon liquid commonly used as fuel for heating, cooking, and jet engines.
Description
Kevlar is a strong, lightweight synthetic fiber known for its high tensile strength, commonly used in body armor and protective gear.
Description
Kornerupine is a rare mineral found in metamorphic rocks, typically occurring in shades of green, brown, or yellow. It is composed of aluminum, magnesium, and silicon, with traces of other elements.
Description
Krypton is a colorless, odorless noble gas used in lighting and photography due to its inert properties.
Description
Kunzite is a pink to lilac-colored gemstone variety of the mineral spodumene. Kunzite has a delicate color and vitreous luster, which can range from pale pink to intense violet, depending on the presence of trace elements such as manganese.
Description
Kyanite is a typically blue-colored mineral that is often found in metamorphic rocks. It is composed of aluminum silicate and is valued as a gemstone for its attractive color and unique crystal formations. Kyanite is known for its distinct bladed or columnar crystal habit, which can exhibit strong pleochroism, meaning it can appear different colors when viewed from different angles.
Description
Labradorite is a feldspar mineral known for its striking iridescence, known as labradorescence. It is usually gray, brown, or black in its base color, but when light strikes the surface of labradorite, it displays vibrant flashes of color, including blue, green, yellow, and orange.
Description
Lapis Lazuli is a deep blue metamorphic rock that has been prized for its intense color and durability for thousands of years. It is composed primarily of the mineral lazurite along with calcite, sodalite, and pyrite.
Description
Lard is a semi-solid white fat rendered from pork, commonly used in cooking and baking.
Description
Latex is a natural, milky fluid produced by certain plants, commonly used to make rubber products and adhesives.
Description
Lava is molten rock expelled by a volcano during an eruption, which solidifies upon cooling to form igneous rock.
Description
Lazulite is a rare phosphate mineral that has an intense blue color and attractive crystal formations.
Description
Lead is a heavy metal with a bluish-gray color that has been known and used by humans for thousands of years. It is highly dense, soft, and malleable, making it useful for various applications, including construction, batteries, radiation shielding, and ammunition.
Description
Lead Nitrate is a chemical compound with the formula Pb(NO3)2. It is a highly water-soluble lead salt that is used in various industrial processes, including the production of other lead compounds, pyrotechnics, and as a mordant in textile dyeing.
Description
Leather is a durable and flexible material made from treated animal hides, commonly used in fashion, upholstery, and accessories.
Description
Leucite is a mineral that is commonly found in volcanic rocks and is often used as a flux in ceramics and glassmaking. It is a member of the feldspathoid group of minerals and is composed of aluminum, potassium, and silicon. Leucite typically forms as small, colorless to white crystals with a vitreous luster.
Description
Lignite is a soft, brownish-black coal with low carbon content, primarily used as a fuel source.
Description
Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate, widely used in construction and industrial applications.
Material
Liquid Carbon Dioxide
Description
Liquid Carbon Dioxide is the liquid form of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) under high pressure or low temperature conditions. It is commonly used in various industrial applications, such as refrigeration, food processing, and as a solvent in chemical reactions. Liquid Carbon Dioxide is colorless and odorless and can exist in a supercritical state under certain conditions, where it exhibits properties of both liquids and gases.
Material
Liquid Water (20deg ˚C)
Description
Liquid Water is the most common form of water under ambient conditions, typically found in lakes, rivers, and oceans, as well as in various industrial and domestic applications. At 20°C (68°F), liquid water is in its liquid state and has a density of approximately 1 gram per cubic centimeter. It is colorless, odorless, and tasteless, and it is essential for life and many industrial processes.
Description
Lucite is a brand name for a type of transparent acrylic resin, also known as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). It is commonly used as a substitute for glass due to its optical clarity, lightweight, and impact resistance.
Description
Magnesite is a mineral composed primarily of magnesium carbonate (MgCO3). It is usually found in metamorphic rocks and is often associated with other magnesium-rich minerals such as dolomite and serpentine.
Material
Magnesium Fluoride
Description
Magnesium Fluoride is a crystalline compound used in optical coatings due to its transparency and durability.
Description
Magnesium Oxide is a white, odorless inorganic compound used as a refractory material and in medical applications.
Description
Malachite is a green copper carbonate hydroxide mineral that is commonly found in copper ore deposits. It has a vibrant green color and swirling patterns.
Description
Marble is a metamorphic rock composed primarily of recrystallized carbonate minerals, widely used in sculpture and architecture.
Description
Meerschaum, also known as sepiolite, is a soft white mineral that is often used for carving pipes and decorative objects.
Description
Liquid Mercury is a heavy, silvery metal that is the only metal that is liquid at standard room temperature and pressure. Liquid Mercury is highly toxic and must be handled with extreme care. It has a distinctive appearance and behavior, with a high surface tension that causes it to form droplets rather than spreading out like most liquids.
Description
Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol or wood alcohol, is a colorless, volatile liquid with a mild, sweet odor. It is the simplest alcohol and is used primarily as a solvent, fuel, and antifreeze agent.
Description
Methylene Iodide is a dense, colorless liquid used in microscopy and as a solvent in chemical applications.
Description
Milk is a white, opaque liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals, primarily for nourishing their young. It is a complex mixture of water, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.
Description
Moissanite is a rare mineral with the chemical formula SiC (silicon carbide). Moissanite has brilliance, fire, and hardness, which are comparable to those of diamonds.
Description
Moldavite is a type of natural glass formed from the intense heat and pressure generated by the impact of meteorites or asteroids with the Earth's surface. Moldavite has a unique green color, transparency, and intricate surface features, which are the result of its rapid cooling and solidification upon impact.
Description
Moonstone is a type of feldspar mineral known for its distinctive adularescence—a phenomenon where light reflects off thin layers of internal structures, producing a glowing appearance that seems to move across the surface when the stone is viewed from different angles. This effect is often described as resembling moonlight, hence the name "moonstone." Moonstone is typically translucent to opaque and comes in a variety of colors, including white, gray, peach, and blue.
Material
Moonstone, Adularia
Description
Moonstone is a type of feldspar mineral known for its distinctive adularescence—a phenomenon where light reflects off thin layers of internal structures, producing a glowing appearance that seems to move across the surface when the stone is viewed from different angles. This effect is often described as resembling moonlight, hence the name "moonstone." Moonstone is typically translucent to opaque and comes in a variety of colors, including white, gray, peach, and blue.
Material
Moonstone, Albite
Description
Moonstone is a type of feldspar mineral known for its distinctive adularescence—a phenomenon where light reflects off thin layers of internal structures, producing a glowing appearance that seems to move across the surface when the stone is viewed from different angles. This effect is often described as resembling moonlight, hence the name "moonstone." Moonstone is typically translucent to opaque and comes in a variety of colors, including white, gray, peach, and blue.
Description
Morganite is a variety of the mineral beryl, which also includes gemstones such as emerald and aquamarine. It has a delicate pink to peach color, which is caused by trace amounts of manganese within the crystal structure.
Description
Mylar is a brand name for a type of polyester film that is known for its strength, clarity, and flexibility. It is commonly used in a wide range of applications, including packaging, insulation, electronics, and graphics. Mylar is transparent and has a high tensile strength, making it suitable for applications where durability and optical clarity are important.
Description
Nacre, also known as mother-of-pearl, is a smooth, iridescent material produced by some mollusks as an inner shell layer and used in jewelry.
Description
Naphthalene is a white, crystalline hydrocarbon commonly used in mothballs and as a precursor in chemical manufacturing.
Description
Natrolite is a mineral belonging to the zeolite group, which is a group of hydrated aluminosilicate minerals. It is typically found in volcanic environments and forms as a secondary mineral in cavities and vesicles in igneous rocks. Natrolite is known for its white to colorless appearance and often occurs as acicular or fibrous crystals.
Description
Natural Rubber is a polymer made from the latex of certain plants, primarily the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis).
Description
Neon is a colorless, inert noble gas used primarily in lighting and signage for its bright reddish-orange glow.
Description
Nephrite is a type of jade and is one of the two minerals commonly referred to as "jade," the other being jadeite. It is a metamorphic rock composed mainly of fibrous amphibole minerals, primarily tremolite-actinolite, as well as other minerals such as serpentine and chlorite.It is typically found in shades of green, although other colors such as white, yellow, and brown can also occur.
Description
Nickel is a metallic element with the chemical symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is silvery-white in color and has a shiny appearance. Nickel is known for its high ductility, malleability, and resistance to corrosion, making it valuable for a wide range of industrial applications.
Description
Nickel Oxide is a greenish-black inorganic compound used in ceramics, batteries, and catalysts.
Description
Nickel Sulfide is a compound of nickel and sulfur commonly found in ore deposits and used in battery manufacturing.
Description
Nitrile is a synthetic rubber copolymer known for its resistance to oils, fuels, and chemicals, commonly used in gloves and seals.
Description
Nitrile Rubber is a synthetic rubber resistant to oils and chemicals, widely used in automotive and industrial applications.
Description
Nitrogen is a diatomic gas with the chemical symbol N₂ and molecular formula N₂. It is the most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere, constituting about 78% of the air we breathe. Nitrogen is colorless, odorless, and generally inert under standard conditions.
Material
Nitrogen (liquid)
Description
Liquid Nitrogen is the liquid form of nitrogen gas (N₂) at extremely low temperatures. It is colorless, odorless, and has a boiling point of -195.79 °C (-320.4 °F) at standard atmospheric pressure.
Description
Nylon is a synthetic polymer that belongs to the class of polyamides. It is known for its toughness, durability, and resistance to abrasion, making it a popular material for a wide range of applications, including textiles, engineering plastics, and consumer goods.
Description
Obsidian is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed when lava cools rapidly with minimal crystal growth. It is usually black in color, although it can also appear in various shades of brown, gray, or green, depending on impurities and mineral inclusions. Obsidian has a smooth, glassy texture and is known for its sharp edges.
Material
Oil of Wintergreen
Description
Oil of Wintergreen, also known as methyl salicylate, is an organic compound commonly found in the essential oil of wintergreen plants (Gaultheria procumbens).
Description
Olivine is a common mineral found in igneous and metamorphic rocks, as well as in meteorites. It is a silicate mineral with the chemical formula (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄ and belongs to the orthorhombic crystal system. Olivine comes in various colors, including green, yellow-green, and brown, depending on its composition.
Description
Onyx is a variety of chalcedony, which is a type of microcrystalline quartz. It is known for its banded patterns of alternating colors, typically black and white, although it can also occur in other colors such as brown, red, or green.
Description
Opal is a hydrated amorphous form of silica, classified as a mineraloid rather than a mineral due to its lack of crystalline structure. It has a play-of-color, which arises from the diffraction of light by the regular arrangement of silica spheres within the opal matrix. Opal comes in various colors and types, including white, black, boulder, and fire opal, each with its unique characteristics and patterns.
Description
Oregon Sunstone is a variety of labradorite feldspar known for its distinctive aventurescence, which is caused by microscopic copper platelets within the stone. It has a range of colors, including yellow, orange, red, and green, with the most prized stones displaying a vibrant red or green play-of-color.
Description
Osmium is a dense, bluish-white metal known for its hardness and high density, used in specialized alloys and fountain pen tips.
Description
Osmium Dioxide is a dark, crystalline inorganic compound used in catalysis and material science research.
Description
Osmium Tetroxide is a toxic, volatile compound used primarily as a staining agent in electron microscopy.
Material
Osmium Trichloride
Description
Osmium Trichloride is an inorganic compound used in chemical research and catalysis, featuring osmium bonded to chlorine atoms.
Description
Oxygen is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is essential for life as it is a critical component of the Earth's atmosphere and necessary for respiration in most living organisms.
Description
Liquid oxygen is the liquid state of elemental oxygen (O2) at extremely low temperatures. Liquid oxygen is colorless and odorless, with a pale blue tint that becomes more pronounced as its temperature decreases.
Material
PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate)
Description
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a thermoplastic polymer resin commonly used in the production of fibers for clothing, containers for liquids and food, and various other applications.
